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Timor Leste in the Security Council UN

Timor-Leste: planning the withdrawal of peacekeepers

Tuesday, October 19th, 2010

planning the transfer of activities of the UN Integrated Mission in Timor Leste (UNMIT) to Timorese institutions is essential to ensure political stability and security of the country, said Tuesday the Special Representative of the UN to this country, Ameerah Haq, before the Security Council in New York.

"The political and security situation continues to be stable, allowing institutions to focus on long-term challenges the country," said Ameerah Haq. "I like to emphasize that the transition is a reconfiguration UNMIT's mandate and the need to ensure that when the withdrawal will happen, and it will, everything must be done so that the success of state institutions is assured, "she added.

Many strategic plans of public policies have been developed. The Anti-Corruption Commission was established, the Strategic Reform Plan justice sector has been adopted, and the National Strategic Development Plan was drafted, said the Special Representative. Much evidence showing that "national leaders of Timor-Leste continues their efforts to ensure effective consultation and dialogue open to all in the long term, "she added. She also praised the agreements between Timor-Leste and Indonesia on the nearby stream crossings.

Read the full article online

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Federalism, confederalism ... The words they have meaning?

NB The text resumes - so (very) summary - the content of an article published in Issue 132 of the Regional Law Journal .

The news brings the policy debate in Belgium to handle the concepts of federalism and confederalism in various directions. For its part, the citizen wonders sometimes distraught, what specifically cover these expressions. This is not a simple war of words, but the demonstration of institutional models are radically different.

federalism certainly share with the characteristic confederalism to be one of the possible modes of institutionalization of relationships within groups of people or social (state, economic and social world, sports clubs, etc..). Therefore, the federal state as a confederation of states are only the largest species of the genera.

However, these species can be very diverse.

federalism ...
We thus consider that there are almost as many models of federalism that state has States federal.
But all have in common to hold a single state in the mode of genuine partnership between the federated entities (Communities and Regions in Belgium, the U.S. states, the Länder in Germany or Austria , Provinces in Canada, Cantons in Switzerland, etc..) that are placed on an equal footing with each other whatever their size, their population or level of economic prosperity.

The technical division of powers between these entities vary, often for historical reasons. And in a centripetal federalism finds its origins in the amalgamation of several previously separate states (eg Germany), it is common that the federation has powers specifically granted from the old States, while the constituent entities retain the overall balance of State powers precedent. Conversely, it is not surprising that in a more centrifugal federalism (eg Belgium), the Federal Government has given specific powers to the new federal entities, retaining its share of the remaining powers more or less extensive. But there is nothing that is written in the stars and the two factors mentioned above can be widely modulated, so this is not because we assign more responsibilities to states or because they would have residual responsibilities (as provided in Article 35 seeds of the Belgian Constitution) that would change the nature of the institutional model.

... In confederalism
Unlike a federal state (Bundesstaat), a confederation of states (Staatenbund) is trite - usually institutionalized through a diplomatic circle (a "diet") - meeting and decision between different states in some subjects clearly defined such as foreign affairs or defense.

These states retain their full independence externally. Consequently, their mutual relations are governed by international treaty and not by a constitution. The confederation does not in principle of the international legal personality (or at least a full legal personality), it does not create a new topic in this full-fledged legal system.

Most often, the confederal model is thus the benchmark of a federal process called Succeed (Germany, Switzerland, USA) or remain short-lived ( abortive attempt to create a confederation of Senegambia in the 1980s). Today, we can watch " Commonwealth of Independent States" as a form of confederation which maintains links - sometimes rather strained - between a number of former Soviet republics now independent.

The Belgian institutional debate
Returning to the Belgian institutional debate, we see that some people tend to mix these two models and consider an extension of federal or skills that moving the center of gravity Skills Belgium residual orient towards what they call a "confederal state .

For reasons that have been mentioned above about federalism, that is false, but we have seen in respect of confederalism is also absurd and perilous.

is absurd since this term implies that there may be a state (subject under international law) home to other states with the same type and the same characteristics: a state of States somehow. Conceptually, it would want to follow Russian dolls that would have all the same size! In this regard, the example of the traditional "Swiss Confederation" should not be deceived: notwithstanding the maintenance of the historic label responsible for emotions, Switzerland is now a true federal state.

is also dangerous in that it introduces, so latent in the national debate the use of concepts that do not.

Yes, words have so much meaning ... and it is not neutral.

is why it is preferable to limit the use of the word "confederation" in the field of international relations and to prefer the internal debate that "federal" .

The debate would gain in clarity for the citizen (who aspires to quickly) and would allow institutional players to state their wishes or their projects with greater transparency.

Abstract:

Often the terms "federalism" and "confederacy" is used is unclear.
Here we would like to point out that a federal state (a Confederation), an international legal entity that is composed of internal sub-entities (with any level of authority), while a State Confederacy (Confederation) from several independent States, which has voluntarily decide some issues together to manage.

Rather, the term "Confederate States" not technical - even political - sense: it would imply that a State creates is composed of other States, in other words, that concept would be the same size matrioschkas want to join forces ...

any case it is appropriate the term "confederacy" of international relations coverage. For the average citizen (who is asking), this might be more readable.

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Annual Report on the Rights of the Production of vanilla man

Timor-Leste: respect for human rights progress

Parade of the National Police of Timor-Leste.

October 5, 2010 - In a report released Tuesday in Dili, capital of Timor-Leste, the UN estimates that the country has made significant progress in of human rights, particularly as regards strengthening the justice sector and security.

"When we published our annual report last year, I stated that Timor-Leste was making progress in many areas of human rights and this continues to be the case," said Chief of Division of Human Rights and Transitional Justice of the United Nations Integrated Mission in Timor-Leste (UNMIT), Louise Gentile.

The greatest improvements were noted in the mechanisms of law enforcement conducted National Police with the assistance of Timor Leste (PNTL). Training on human rights and judicial staff have been provided security, a law on domestic violence was adopted and the crimes committed during the civil war of 2006 begin to be brought to justice, said Tuesday UNMIT by press release.

The conflict of 2006 had approximately 37 dead and caused the flight of 150,000 people for seven months. "All matters listed were handled by the commission. Since June 2010, five trials were completed and two more are being "Assures UNMIT.

"The challenges are present in particular in relation to a small percentage of police officers and soldiers who continue to use force against citizens," temperate Louise Gentile.

The annual report highlights the work of reform within the police and military must continue to a complete cessation of violations of human rights.

Read the article on the UN website

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Timorese 600 farmers this year have produced four tons vanilla processed by the Cooperative Café Timor (CCT). Production, certified organic, is entirely devoted to the international market.

Photo by Martine Perret, for the site of the United Nations Mission for Timor Leste (UNMIT).

Visit the UNMIT Photo of the Day - 4 October 2010

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Teaching of International Humanitarian Law Domestic Violence

23-09-2010 Press Release 10/177

Timor-Leste: ICRC launches program to teach international humanitarian law

Dili (ICRC) - The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) and Red Cross of Timor Leste have signed an agreement with the Ministry of Education of East Timor to begin a program to teach basic rules of international humanitarian law in secondary schools in the country.


"Our main goal is to educate young people the principles of humanity, including the obligation to respect life and human dignity at all times," said Zurab Burduli, head of the ICRC mission in Timor- Leste. The "Exploring Humanitarian Law (EHL) will be launched as experiment in 2011 in some secondary schools. In cooperation with the Red Cross of Timor Leste, the ICRC will provide technical and educational help to train teachers. "

School authorities of Timor-Leste will adapt the program to the secondary education system in the country.

The "Exploring Humanitarian Law (EHL) is an important component of activities implemented by the ICRC in Timor-Leste to promote international humanitarian law. It is now used in 60 countries with training materials available in 40 languages.

Read on the ICRC website

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humanitarian news and analysis

A project of the Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs United Nations

TIMOR-LESTE: The slow death of family violence

Photo: Phuong Tran / Suai, 22 September 2010 (IRIN)

/ IRIN Shelters for battered women whose exact location remains confidential, Dili, capital of Timor-Leste DILI

The Government of Timor-Leste faces challenges in implementing, in a climate of skepticism, a new law that criminalizes domestic violence. Many people believe that this law goes too far and it is too early to apply.

"We are a young country "Said Maria Filomena Babo IRIN Martins, head of training and education of the State Secretariat for the Promotion of Equality (SEPI), which coordinates the implementation of the law.


Read the article on the UN website